Saud was born in 1947. He is the eldest son of the late Abdul Muhsin bin Abdulaziz (1925–1985), the highly regarded former governor of Madinah Province. Abdul Muhsin was interior minister in King Saud's cabinet in 1961. Prince Abdul Muhsin was part of the Free Princes Movement, led by Prince Talal.

Prince Saud attended the Royal Military Academy in Sandhurst. He also holds a degree in business administration.

Prince Saud held several government positions beginning as the director of health and housing department in the ministry of health from 1970 to 1973. Other positions he held include director general in the ministry of health from 1973 to 1976; deputy governor of Makkah Province from 1976 to 1992 and acting governor of Makkah Province from 1992 to 1999. He is also president of the Supreme Commission for Hail Development and head of the Supreme Commission of the Hail Rally and a member of the Allegiance Council.

Prince Saud's term as the governor of Hail Province ended on 23 April 2017 when Abdulaziz bin Saad Al Saud was named as the new governor.

Saud has been married four times. He is married to Hala al Sheikh. He enjoys traditional Bedouin customs of falconry, as well as western sports including tennis.

In 2008, Saud was the subject of a BBC documentary about modern Saudi Arabia, Inside the Saudi Kingdom, in which a film crew led by Lionel Mill was given unique access to follow the prince for a month in his daily work. He concludes that the Western world needs to learn that "you can only change people as much as they want to be changed" and that at heart his people do not want to be Westernized.

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