Saturation current

The saturation current (or scale current), more accurately, the reverse saturation current, is that part of the reverse current in a semiconductor diode caused by diffusion of minority carriers from the neutral regions to the depletion region. This current is almost independent of the reverse voltage. (Steadman 1993, 459)

I_S, the reverse bias saturation current for an ideal p–n diode, is given by (Schubert 2006, 61):

${\displaystyle I_{\mathrm {S} }=eA\left({\sqrt {\frac {D_{\mathrm {p} }}{\tau _{\mathrm {p} }}}}{\frac {n_{\mathrm {i} }^{2}}{N_{\mathrm {D} }}}+{\sqrt {\frac {D_{\mathrm {n} }}{\tau _{\mathrm {n} }}}}{\frac {n_{\mathrm {i} }^{2}}{N_{\mathrm {A} }}}\right),\,}$

...
Wikipedia