Sangkuriang

Sangkuriang (Sundanese: ᮞᮀᮊᮥᮛᮤᮃᮀ) is a legend among Sundanese people in Indonesia. The legend tells about the creation of Lake Bandung, Mount Tangkuban Parahu, Mount Burangrang and Mount Bukit Tunggul. The legend of Sangkuriang tells the story of a young man who falls in love with his own mother, which is somewhat comparable to the Greek tragedy Oedipus.

From the legend, we can determine how long the Sundanese have been living in Java island. Firmly supported by geological facts, it is predicted that the Sundanese have been living on Java Island since a thousand years BC.

The legend of Sangkuriang was almost certainly a story of oral tradition before being written down. The first written reference to Sangkuriang legend appeared in the Bujangga Manik manuscript written on palm leaves at the end of the 15th century or the early 16th century AD. Prince Jaya Pakuan, alias Prince Bujangga Manik or prince Ameng Layaran, visited all of the sacred Hindu sites in Java island and Bali island at the end of the 15th century AD. Using palm leaves, he described his travels in archaic Sundanese. His palm manuscript was taken to England by an Englishmen and put at the Bodleian library, Oxford, in 1627.

After a long journey, Bujangga Manik arrived in the current Bandung city area. He is the first eyewitness to report on the area. Below is a transcription of his report:

According to the legend, once upon a time in svargaloka a pair of deities, a god and a goddess committed a terrible sin. As punishment, Batari Sunan Ambu (highest mother goddess also the queen of heaven in Sundanese mythology) banished them from svargaloka and incarnated them on earth as animals—the god become a dog named Tumang, while the goddess become a boar named Celeng Wayungyang. One day a Sundanese king went to a jungle to hunt but then got lost and separated from his guard. The king urinated upon the bushes and his urine accidentally collected in a dried coconut shell. The Celeng Wayungyang, which happened to be in the vicinity, drank the king's urine to quench her thirst. Unbeknownst to her, the urine she had drunk contained a bit of his sperm and that subsequently impregnated Celeng Wayungyang. Being an animal demigod, she became instantly pregnant and bore a child just hours later. The king, who was still in the jungle, heard the baby crying and found her lying among the bushes. He took her back to his kingdom, adopted and raised her as his own daughter, never realising that she was actually his real daughter.

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