San Estevan Del Rey Mission Church
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San Estevan del Rey Mission Church
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San Estevan del Rey Mission in 2009
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| Location | Acoma Pueblo, Acoma, New Mexico |
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| Coordinates | 34°53′42″N 107°34′57″W / 34.89500°N 107.58250°WCoordinates: 34°53′42″N 107°34′57″W / 34.89500°N 107.58250°W |
| Area | 45 acres (18 ha) |
| Built | 1629 |
| Architectural style | Colonial, Spanish Colonial |
| Part of | Acoma Pueblo (#66000500) |
| NRHP Reference # | 70000417 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | April 15, 1970 |
| Designated NHL | April 15, 1970 |
| Designated NHLDCP | October 9, 1960 |
San Estevan del Rey Mission Church is a Spanish mission church on the Acoma Pueblo Reservation in western New Mexico. Built between 1629 and 1641, it is one of the finest extant examples of hybrid Spanish Colonial and Puebloan architectural styles. It was named for Saint Stephen I of Hungary. The church was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1970, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The San Estevan del Rey Mission Church stands at the northern end of the large plaza that takes up the southern end of the mesa top that houses Sky City, the traditional Acoma pueblo settlement that has been continuously occupied since prehistoric times. It is a large adobe structure, built in a wall and beam construction style. Its main walls are thick at the base, one measuring 7 feet (2.1 m) in thickness, and rise to a height of 35 feet (11 m) and a thickness of over 2 feet (0.61 m). The roof masonry, about six inches of adobe weighing several tons, is supported by large ponderosa pine vigas over which roughly-hewn wooden planks are laid. The interior is finished in gypsum, with an original native painting on the back wall of the sanctuary. Adjacent to the church is a small single-story convento, which served as the domicile for the priest. The mission also had other buildings, but these are in ruins.
Spanish colonial explorers first discovered Acoma in 1540. Spanish colonial authorities took authority over Acoma by force of arms in the 1599 Acoma massacre, making it part of the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México. In 1629 Father Juan Ramirez began construction of the mission, using Acoma laborers and craftsmen. Materials for the construction were hauled up the steep trails on the sides of the mesa, and the viga beams were transported some 40 miles (64 km) from Mount Taylor, the nearest source for such timbers. During the 1680 Pueblo Revolt, the Acoma killed the local priest, but the church survived the uprising, and the Spanish return to power in 1692. The church has undergone relatively minor repairs, in 1799-1800, 1903, and 1924.
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