Salmonellosis

Salmonellosis
Electron micrograph showing Salmonella typhimurium (red) invading cultured human cells
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Infectious disease
ICD-10	A02.0
ICD-9-CM	003.0
DiseasesDB	11765
MedlinePlus	000294
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Salmonellosis is an infection caused by the Salmonella bacteria. Most people with salmonellosis develop diarrhea, fever, vomiting, and abdominal cramps 12 to 72 hours after infection. In most cases, the illness lasts four to seven days, and most people recover without treatment. In some cases, the diarrhea may be so severe that the patient becomes dangerously dehydrated and must be hospitalized.

Intravenous fluids may be used to treat dehydration. Medications may be used to provide symptomatic relief, such as fever reduction. In severe cases, the Salmonella infection may spread from the intestines to the blood stream, and then to other body sites; this is known as typhoid fever and is treated with antibiotics.

The elderly, infants, and those with impaired immune systems are more likely to develop severe illness. Some people afflicted with salmonellosis later experience reactive arthritis, which can have long-lasting, disabling effects. The only two species of Salmonella are Salmonella bongori and Salmonella enterica. The latter is divided in six subspecies: S. e. enterica, S. e. salamae, S. e. arizonae, S. e. diazonae, S. e. houtenase, and S. e. indica. These subspecies are further divided into numerous serovars. Because the serovars only differ in serotypes, and therefore in infection potential, the serovars are not italicised and are written with a capital letter as they still belong to the same subspecies.

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