Saint-Gaudens double eagle

Saint-Gaudens double eagle ($20)

United States
Value	20 United States dollars
Mass	33.431 g
Diameter	34.1 mm (1.342 in)
Edge	lettered "E PLURIBUS UNUM"
Composition	90% gold, 10% copper
Gold	.96750 troy oz
Years of minting	1907–1933
Mint marks	D, S. Found immediately above the date on the obverse. Philadelphia Mint specimens lack mint mark.
Obverse
Design	Liberty holding a torch and olive branch, backed by the rays of the sun, the U.S. Capitol visible; 46 stars circle design
Designer	Augustus Saint-Gaudens
Design date	1907
Design discontinued	1911
Design	48 stars
Designer	Augustus Saint-Gaudens
Design date	1912
Design discontinued	1933
Reverse
Design	An eagle in flight, backed by rays from the sun
Designer	Augustus Saint-Gaudens
Design date	1907
Design discontinued	1908
Design	With "In God We Trust"
Designer	Augustus Saint-Gaudens
Design date	1908
Design discontinued	1933

The Saint-Gaudens double eagle is a twenty-dollar gold coin, or double eagle, produced by the United States Mint from 1907 to 1933. The coin is named after its designer, the sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens, who designed the obverse and reverse. It is considered by many to be the most beautiful of U.S. coins.

In 1904, President Theodore Roosevelt sought to beautify American coinage, and proposed Saint-Gaudens as an artist capable of the task. Although the sculptor had poor experiences with the Mint and its chief engraver, Charles E. Barber, Saint-Gaudens accepted Roosevelt's call. The work was subject to considerable delays, due to Saint-Gaudens's declining health and difficulties because of the high relief of his design. Saint-Gaudens died in 1907, after designing the eagle and double eagle, but before the designs were finalized for production.

After several versions of the design for the double eagle proved too difficult to strike, Barber modified Saint-Gaudens's design, lowering the relief so the coin could be struck with only one blow. When the coins were finally released, they proved controversial as they lacked the words "In God We Trust", and Congress intervened to require the motto's use. The coin was minted, primarily for use in international trade, until 1933. The 1933 double eagle is among the most valuable of U.S. coins, with the sole example currently known to be in private hands selling in 2002 for $7,590,020.

The double eagle, or twenty-dollar gold piece, was first issued in 1850; its congressional authorization was a response to the increasing amount of gold available as the result of the California Gold Rush. The resulting Liberty Head double eagle, designed by Mint Engraver James Longacre, was struck for the remainder of the 19th century, though the design was modified several times. The double eagle, due to its very high face value, equivalent to several hundred dollars today, did not widely circulate, but was the coin most often used for large international transactions, in which settlement was to be in gold. In the West, where gold or silver coins were preferred to paper money—use of which was illegal in California in the aftermath of the Gold Rush—the coins saw some circulation.

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