SS Meteor (1896)
SS Meteor, the only remaining intact "whaleback", Superior, Wisconsin
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| History | |
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 United States
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| Name: | Frank Rockefeller (1896–1927) |
| Cost: | $181,573.38 |
| Launched: | 1896 |
| In service: | 1896-1969 |
| Out of service: | 1969 |
| Renamed: |
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| Status: | Museum ship |
| General characteristics | |
| Length: | 380 ft (120 m) |
| Beam: | 45 ft (14 m) |
| Depth: | 26 ft (7.9 m) |
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Meteor (Whaleback carrier)
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| Location | Superior, WI |
| Coordinates | 46°43′23.42″N 92°3′46.57″W / 46.7231722°N 92.0629361°WCoordinates: 46°43′23.42″N 92°3′46.57″W / 46.7231722°N 92.0629361°W |
| Built | 1896 |
| Architect | American Steel Barge Company; McDougall, Alexander |
| Architectural style | Whaleback Lake Freighter |
| NRHP Reference # | 74000081 |
| Added to NRHP | 9 September 1974 |
SS Meteor is the sole surviving ship of the unconventional "whaleback" design. The design, created by Scottish captain Alexander McDougall, enabled her to carry a maximum amount of cargo with a minimum of draft. Meteor was built in 1896 in Superior, Wisconsin, United States, and, with a number of modifications, sailed until 1969. She is currently a museum ship in the city of her birth.
Meteor was built by the American Steel Barge Company (ASB) at their yard in Superior, Wisconsin in the summer of 1896 as Frank Rockefeller; number 36 of 44 whalebacks built between 1888 and 1898. McDougall's expense records listed the cost of construction of Frank Rockefeller as $181,573.38.
She was built for the ASB fleet and joined their barges and steamers in the movement of iron ore from Lake Superior ports down to the steel mills of Lake Erie and coal back up the lakes. She would also carry the odd loads of grain. As a steamer, she would often tow one or more of the company's "consort" barges to augment her carrying capacity. In 1900, along with the rest of the ASB fleet, she was sold to the Bessemer Steamship Company, marine division of the Bessemer Steel Company. A year later, she again changed hands along with the whole of the Bessemer Fleet when it joined with 7 other fleets to form the massive, 112 boat Pittsburgh Steamship Company, marine division of the equally massive US Steel. She grounded off Isle Royale on 2 November 1905 after she got lost in a snowstorm. Most of the damage from the grounding came from the barge she had been towing – when the ship hit the rocks, the barge continued ahead until it crashed into the Frank Rockefeller's stern. Eventually repaired and put back into service, she sailed as a "Tin Stacker" (so called because of the silver painted funnels) until 1927.
That year, she was sold for use as a sand dredge and renamed South Park. As a dredge, she was used to obtain fill for the site of the Chicago World's Fair in 1933. In 1936, she changed hands again and became an auto carrier. She sailed for several years under this new guise, hauling new autos from Detroit, Milwaukee, and Kewaunee until 1942. She was wrecked off Manistique that year. Had it not been for the great demand for tonnage in World War II, she would have been scrapped. Instead, she was sold to the Cleveland Tanker Company, and converted to a tanker. It was at this time that she obtained the name Meteor, as Cleveland Tanker named their vessels after celestial bodies. As a tanker, she hauled gasoline and other liquids for over 25 years.
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