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SQL:2011


SQL:2011 or ISO/IEC 9075:2011 (under the general title "Information technology – Database languages – SQL") is the seventh revision of the ISO (1987) and ANSI (1986) standard for the SQL database query language. It was formally adopted in December 2011. The standard consists of 9 parts which are described in detail in SQL.

One of the main new features is improved support for temporal databases. Language enhancements for temporal data definition and manipulation include:

IBM DB2 version 10 claims to be the first database to have a conforming implementation of this feature in what they call "Time Travel Queries", although they use the alternative syntax FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF.

Oracle Oracle 12c supports temporal functionality in compliance with SQL:2011. Versions 10g and 11g implement the time-sliced queries in what they call Flashback Queries, using the alternative syntax AS OF TIMESTAMP. Notably both of Oracle's implementations depend on the database transaction log and so only allow temporal queries against recent changes which are still being retained for backup.

Microsoft SQL Server (version 2016) implements temporal tables with SYSTEM_VERSIONING.


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