SMART-1
| Mission type | Technology Lunar orbiter |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | ESA | ||||||||||||||||
| COSPAR ID | 2003-043C | ||||||||||||||||
| SATCAT № | 27949 | ||||||||||||||||
| Website | SMART-1 | ||||||||||||||||
| Mission duration | 3 years | ||||||||||||||||
| Spacecraft properties | |||||||||||||||||
| Manufacturer | Swedish Space Corporation | ||||||||||||||||
| Launch mass | 367 kilograms (809 lb) | ||||||||||||||||
| Dry mass | 287 kilograms (633 lb) | ||||||||||||||||
| Start of mission | |||||||||||||||||
| Launch date | 27 September 2003, 23:14:46 UTC | ||||||||||||||||
| Rocket | Ariane 5G | ||||||||||||||||
| Launch site | Kourou ELA-3 | ||||||||||||||||
| Contractor | Arianespace | ||||||||||||||||
| End of mission | |||||||||||||||||
| Decay date | 3 September 2006, 05:42:22 UTC | ||||||||||||||||
| Orbital parameters | |||||||||||||||||
| Reference system | Selenocentric | ||||||||||||||||
| Eccentricity | 0.352054 | ||||||||||||||||
| Periselene | 2,205 kilometres (1,370 mi) | ||||||||||||||||
| Aposelene | 4,600 kilometres (2,900 mi) | ||||||||||||||||
| Inclination | 90.26 degrees | ||||||||||||||||
| Period | 4.95 hours | ||||||||||||||||
| Epoch | 18 July 2005, 11:14:28 UTC | ||||||||||||||||
| Lunar orbiter | |||||||||||||||||
| Orbital insertion | 15 November 2004 | ||||||||||||||||
| Impact site | 34°24′S 46°12′W / 34.4°S 46.2°W | ||||||||||||||||
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 Legacy ESA insignia for the SMART-1 mission |
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| Instruments | |
|---|---|
| AMIE | Advanced Moon micro-Imager Experiment |
| D-CIXS | Demonstration of a Compact X-ray Spectrometer |
| EPDP | Electric Propulsion Diagnostic Package |
| KATE | Ka band TT&C Experiment |
| SIR | Smart-1 Infrared Spectrometer |
| SPEDE | Spacecraft Potential, Electron and Dust Experiment |
| XSM | X-ray Solar Monitor |
SMART-1 was a Swedish-designed European Space Agency satellite that orbited around the Moon. It was launched on September 27, 2003 at 23:14 UTC from the Guiana Space Centre in Kourou, French Guiana. "SMART-1" stands for Small Missions for Advanced Research in Technology-1. On September 3, 2006 (05:42 UTC), SMART-1 was deliberately crashed into the Moon's surface, ending its mission.
SMART-1 was about one metre across, and lightweight in comparison to other probes. Its launch mass was 367 kg or 809 pounds, of which 287 kg (633 lb) was non-propellant.
It was propelled by a solar-powered Hall effect thruster (Snecma PPS-1350-G) using xenon propellant, of which there was 82 kg (50 litres by volume at a pressure of 150 bar) at launch. The thrusters used an electrostatic field to ionize the xenon and accelerate the ions to a high speed. This ion engine setup achieved a specific impulse of 16.1 kN·s/kg (1,640 seconds), more than three times the maximum for chemical rockets. Therefore, 1 kg of propellant (1/350 to 1/300 of the total mass of the spacecraft) produced a delta-v of about 45 m/s. The electric propulsion subsystem had a weight of 29 kg with a peak power consumption of 1,200 watts. SMART-1 is the first in the program of ESA's Small Missions for Advanced Research and Technology.
The solar arrays made 1,190 W available for powering the thruster, giving a nominal thrust of 68 mN, hence an acceleration of 0.2 mm/s² or 0.7 m/s per hour (i.e., just under 0.00002 g of acceleration). As with all ion-engine powered craft, orbital maneuvers were not carried out in short bursts but very gradually. The particular trajectory taken by SMART-1 to the Moon required thrusting for about one third to one half of every orbit. When spiralling away from the Earth thrusting was done on the perigee part of the orbit. At the end of the mission, the thruster had demonstrated the following capability:
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