Rwanda nziza
| English: Beautiful Rwanda | |
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National anthem of  Rwanda
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| Lyrics | Faustin Murigo, 199? |
| Music | Jean-Bosco Hashakaimana |
| Adopted | 2002 |
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"Rwanda Nziza" (Kinyarwanda: [ɾɡwɑːndɑ nziːzɑ́], Beautiful Rwanda) has been the national anthem of Rwanda since January 1, 2002. It replaced Rwanda Rwacu, which had been the national anthem since 1962.
Rwanda's original national anthem, written when the country achieved independence from Belgium in 1962, was called Rwanda Rwacu (Our Rwanda). Independence was achieved at a time of high tension, following the Rwandan Revolution: centuries of rule by the minority Tutsi group had been overturned in just three years, the majority Hutu taking power in a violent upheaval, and forcing more than 100,000 to seek refuge in neighbouring countries. The subsequent thirty years, under the presidencies of Gregoire Kayibanda and Juvénal Habyarimana, were marked by continued cycles of violence, culminating in the 1990s with the launch of the Rwandan Civil War by exiled Tutsi led by Paul Kagame, the assassination of President Habyarimana, and the 1994 Rwandan Genocide, in which between 500,000 and 1,000,000 Tutsi and politically moderate Hutu were killed by Hutu extremists, on the orders of the interim government, in the space of just 100 days.
The genocide was ended when Kagame's rebel army took control of the country in July 1994. A period of reconciliation began, as a unity government took control of the country. Kagame was the de facto leader from this point on, and assumed the presidency in 2000. As part of the reconciliation effort, and to signal a break with the country's violent past, the government enacted an overhaul of the country's symbols, including the flag, the coat of arms and the national anthem.
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