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Rubisco

Ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase oxygenase
Rubisco.png
Figure 1. Space-filling view of RuBisCO showing the arrangement of the large chain dimers (white/grey) and the small chains (blue and orange).
Identifiers
EC number 4.1.1.39
CAS number 9027-23-0
Databases
IntEnz IntEnz view
BRENDA BRENDA entry
ExPASy NiceZyme view
KEGG KEGG entry
MetaCyc metabolic pathway
PRIAM profile
PDB structures RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene Ontology AmiGO / EGO
RuBisCO large chain,
catalytic domain
Identifiers
Symbol RuBisCO_large
Pfam PF00016
InterPro IPR000685
PROSITE PDOC00142
SCOP 3rub
SUPERFAMILY 3rub
CDD cd08148
RuBisCO, N-terminal domain
Identifiers
Symbol RuBisCO_large_N
Pfam PF02788
InterPro IPR017444
SCOP 3rub
SUPERFAMILY 3rub
RuBisCO, small chain
Identifiers
Symbol RuBisCO_small
Pfam PF00101
InterPro IPR000894
SCOP 3rub
SUPERFAMILY 3rub
CDD cd03527

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, commonly known by the abbreviations RuBisCO, RuBPCase, or RuBPco, is an enzyme involved in the first major step of carbon fixation, a process by which atmospheric carbon dioxide is converted by plants and other photosynthetic organisms to energy-rich molecules such as glucose. In chemical terms, it catalyzes the carboxylation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (also known as RuBP). It is probably the most abundant enzyme on Earth.

RuBisCO is important biologically because it catalyzes the primary chemical reaction by which inorganic carbon enters the organic biosphere. While many autotrophic bacteria and archaea fix carbon via the reductive acetyl CoA pathway, the 3-hydroxypropionate cycle, or the reverse Krebs cycle, these pathways are relatively smaller contributors to global carbon fixation than that catalyzed by RuBisCO. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, unlike RuBisCO, only temporarily fixes carbon. Reflecting its importance, RuBisCO is the most abundant protein in leaves, accounting for 50% of soluble leaf protein in C3 plants (20–30% of total leaf nitrogen) and 30% of soluble leaf protein in C4 plants (5–9% of total leaf nitrogen). Given its important role in the biosphere, the genetic engineering of RuBisCO in crops is of continuing interest (see below).


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Wikipedia

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