Rubella vaccination
| Vaccine description | |
|---|---|
| Target disease | Rubella |
| Type | Attenuated virus |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Meruvax, other |
| MedlinePlus | a601176 |
| ATC code | J07BJ01 (WHO) |
| Identifiers | |
| ChemSpider | none |
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Rubella vaccine is a vaccine used to prevent rubella. Effectiveness begins about two weeks after a single dose and around 95% of people become immune. Countries with high rates of immunization no longer see cases of rubella or congenital rubella syndrome. When there is a low level of childhood immunization in a population it is possible for rates of congenital rubella to increase as more women make it to child bearing age without either vaccination or exposure to the disease. Therefore, it is important for more than 80% of people to be vaccinated.
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that the rubella vaccine be included in routine vaccinations. If not all people are immunized then at least women of childbearing age should be immunized. It should not be given to those who are pregnant or those with very poor immune function. While one dose is often all that is required for lifelong protection, often two doses are given.
Side effects are generally mild. They may include fever, rash, and pain and redness at the site of injection. Joint pain may be reported at between one and three weeks following vaccination in women. Severe allergies are rare. The rubella vaccine is available either by itself or in combination with other vaccines. Combinations include with measles and mumps vaccine (MMR vaccine) and measles, mumps and varicella vaccine (MMRV vaccine).
A rubella vaccine was first licensed in 1969. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. As of 2009 more than 130 countries included it in their routine vaccinations. The wholesale cost of the MMR vaccine in the developing world is 0.24 USD per dose as of 2014. In the United States it costs between 50 and 100 USD.
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