Rowing (sport)

Rowing

Eight classes of racing boats, six of which are part of the Summer Olympic Games.
Highest governing body	International Rowing Federation (FISA)
Nicknames	Crew
First modern-day competition	1715
Characteristics
Contact	No
Team members	1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 9 (depending on boat class and whether there is a coxswain)
Mixed gender	Separate competitions
Type	Water sport, outdoor
Equipment	Racing shell, oars
Venue	River, artificial lake, canal, ocean
Presence
Olympic	1900 (men only); 1976 (both men and women)
Paralympic	2008

Rowing, often referred to as crew in the United States, is a sport with origins back to Ancient Egyptian times. It is based on propelling a boat (racing shell) on water using oars. By pushing against the water with an oar, a force is generated to move the boat. The sport can be either recreational, where the focus is on learning the technique of rowing, or competitive, where athletes race against each other in boats. There are a number of different boat classes in which athletes compete, ranging from an individual shell (called a single scull) to an eight-person shell with coxswain (called a coxed eight).

Modern rowing as a competitive sport can be traced to the early 10th century when races were held between professional watermen on the River Thames in London, United Kingdom. Often prizes were offered by the London Guilds and Livery Companies. Amateur competition began towards the end of the 18th century with the arrival of "boat clubs" at the British public schools of Eton College and Westminster School. Similarly, clubs were formed at the University of Oxford, with a race held between Brasenose College and Jesus College in 1815. At the University of Cambridge the first recorded races were in 1827. Public rowing clubs were beginning at the same time; in England Leander Club was founded in 1818, in Germany Der Hamburger und Germania Ruder Club was founded in 1836 and in the United States Narragansett Boat Club was founded in 1838 and Detroit Boat Club was founded in 1839. In 1843, the first American college rowing club was formed at Yale University.