Romanianization

Romanianization or Rumanization was the series of policies aimed toward ethnic assimilation implemented by the Romanian authorities during the 20th century. The most noteworthy policies were those aimed at the Hungarian minority in Romania as well as the Ukrainian minority in Bukovina and Bessarabia.

At the end of World War I, Transylvania, at the time a territory of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, was occupied by the Romanian army. Shortly before, the Romanian National Council (representing the majoritary Romanian population) and representatives of the German population had taken the decision of unifying the province with Romania. The decision was contested by the Hungarian minority. The Treaty of Trianon established the Romanian border with the new Hungarian state. However, Transylvania had a large Hungarian minority, of 25.5% according to the 1920 census. A portion of them fled to Hungary after the union; however, most of them remained in Romania and in the 1930s their number increased to 26.7% of the whole Transylvanian population. While Romania included large national minorities, the 1923 Constitution declared the country to be a nation-state, following the French model which was popular in many European nations at that time.

After the dissolution of Austria-Hungary, the post-war mass actions of the Romanians directed against primarily the Hungarian aristocracy and at times Jews. The takeover did not happen without the reduction of the cultural and economic life of the Hungarians: while in accordance with the Agricultural Act of 1921 a number of Hungarian estates and lands were confiscated, the land reform openly favored the Romanians. Subtitles appeared in public places: "Romanian only allowed to talk". It's note to tell, that such educational institutions were closed and abolished as the Roman Catholic high school of Szatmárnémeti founded in 1670, on other in Alba Iulia founded in 1579, the Roman Catholic high school in Kézdivásárhely founded in 1696, the Unitarian high school in Cluj founded in 1566, or the Reformed main gymnasium of Marosvásárhely found in 1557, etc.

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