Roman house

Domus (Roman house)

Diagram of a typical Roman domus
Ancient Roman structure
A Roman domus was limited in size because of the confines of the city walls. In the older parts of the city the rich could not build out, so they built up.
Social structure
Social classes	Patrician, senatorial class, equestrian class, plebeian, freedmen
The Roman domus has its history in both Etruscan and Greek origins. The Etruscan atrium house and the traditional Greek peristyle house are combined to make a modern Roman domus

In ancient Rome, the domus (plural domūs, genitive domūs or domī) was the type of house occupied by the upper classes and some wealthy freedmen during the Republican and Imperial eras. It could be found in almost all the major cities throughout the Roman territories. The modern English word domestic comes from Latin domesticus, which is derived from the word domus. The word dom in modern Slavic languages means "home" and is a cognate of the Latin word, going back to Proto-Indo-European. Along with a domus in the city, many of the richest families of ancient Rome also owned a separate country house known as a villa. Many chose to live primarily, or even exclusively, in their villas; these homes were generally much grander in scale and on larger acres of land due to more space outside the walled and fortified city.

The elite classes of Roman society constructed their residences with elaborate marble decorations, inlaid marble paneling, door jambs and columns as well as expensive paintings and frescoes. Many poor and lower-middle-class Romans lived in crowded, dirty and mostly rundown rental apartments, known as insulae. These multi-level apartment blocks were built as high and tightly together as possible and held far less status and convenience than the private homes of the prosperous.