Robert Tor Russell

Robert Tor Russell, CIE DSO (1888-1972) was a British architect who, in his position as Chief Architect to the Public Works Department, Government of India, is primarily associated with the development of the city of New Delhi in the early 1930s. He designed some of the city's most notable buildings and was the architect of Connaught Place, the financial centre of the new capital. Russell also served with distinction during the First World War, and later, after retiring from India, became a civil servant for the British Government.

Robert Tor Russell was born in Hitchin, Hertfordshire in 1888 and was educated at Bedford Modern School. In 1906 he became a pupil of his father, the architect S. B. Russell (1864-1955), and qualified to practice in 1913. In 1914 he was offered the position of assistant to John Begg, consulting architect to the Government of India.

Russell's career in architecture was interrupted by the First World War. He served in Mesopotamia (Iraq) with the Artists Rifles and was Mentioned in Despatches and awarded the Distinguished Service Order for action during the British advance on Turkish-held Baghdad in the early months of 1917. His citation was as follows: 'For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty in charging the enemy's trench which was strongly held. He then led a bombing attack and cleared two-hundred yards of the trench. Later, he maintained his position for four hours, when reinforcements arrived'.

In 1919 he returned to India and rose to become Chief Architect to the PWD. In this position he led the team that established the monumental architecture of New Delhi according to the neo-classical model envisaged by Sir Edwin Lutyens. His main creative period was between 1929 and 1933. During this period he designed Teen Murti Bhavan (Flagstaff House) originally for the Commander in Chief of the British Indian Army; it subsequently became the residence of Jawaharlal Nehru. The Eastern and Western Courts on Janpath (Queensway) built to accommodate Indian legislators were Russell's work, as were the bungalows numbers 1,3,5,7 Lok Kalyan Marg, which now comprise 7, Lok Kalyan Marg, the official residence of the Indian Prime Minister.

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