Robert John Carrington, 2nd Baron Carrington FRS (16 January 1796 – 17 March 1868) was a politician and a baron in the Peerage of Great Britain. He was the son of Robert Smith, 1st Baron Carrington, and Anne Boldero-Barnard. He adopted the name "Carrington" in 1839.
Still named Smith, he served as a Member of Parliament for Wendover from 1818. He had succeeded his first cousin Abel Smith on the seat, and served together with his uncle, George Smith. He was succeeded by another of his uncles, Samuel Smith, the father of his predecessor, in 1820.
He was then elected MP for Buckinghamshire, succeeding William Selby Lowndes, and serving with The Marquess of Chandos. He was succeeded by John Smith, another uncle, in 1831.
The same year, he was elected MP for Wycombe, succeeding Sir John Dashwood-King, 4th Bt, and serving with, in turn, Sir Thomas Baring, 2nd Bt (until 1832), Charles Grey (1832–1837) and George Dashwood, later 5th Bt (from 1837) – the latter being the son of Smith's predecessor on the seat. After his father's death in 1838, and on his inheritance of the barony, he was succeeded on the Wycombe seat by his first cousin, George Robert Smith. He was elected to the Royal Society as a Fellow in 1839. Later that year he adopted the name Carrington by Royal Licence.