Robert C. Randall (1948–2001) was an advocate for medical marijuana and the founder of Alliance for Cannabis Therapeutics.
Randall was also the first legal medical marijuana smoker in the United States since 1937. He documented his accounts in his book, co-written with wife Alice O'Leary: Marijuana Rx: The Patients Fight for Medical Pot, .
Randall successfully used a medical necessity defense when he was charged with illegal possession of cannabis to treat his glaucoma. The case, United States v. Randall, is "The first successful articulation of the medical necessity defense in the history of the common law, and indeed, the first case to extend the necessity defense to the crimes of possession or cultivation of marijuana".