Richard Martyn (1630–1694) was a leading figure in early New Hampshire, in business, church and government.
Martyn was a merchant, and in 1671 he was one of the founders of the first church in Portsmouth. He served as selectman, as Commissioner for the Trial of Small Causes, and as Deputy to the General Court of New Hampshire (the legislature of New Hampshire). He was a Representative in 1672 and 1679, and chosen as Speaker of the House in 1692. He became Treasurer of the province by royal appointment, and later served as Chief Justice of the Superior Court of Judicature (the name of the New Hampshire Supreme Court at the time).