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Revolt of 1173–1174

Revolt of 1173–74
Date 17 October 1173
Location England, Normandy, Southern Scotland, Brittany, Flanders
Result Royalist victory. Rebels reconciled to rule of Henry II. William the Lion signs Treaty of Falaise.
Territorial
changes
Henry II maintains hold on his territories. Several Scottish castles, including Berwick and Edinburgh, transferred to Henry II.
Belligerents
Flag of England.svg English royalists Flag of England.svg English rebels
Royal Standard of the King of France.svg Kingdom of France
Flag of Scotland.svg Kingdom of Scotland
Generieke vlag van Vlaanderen.svg County of Flanders
Blason Courtenay.svg County of Boulogne
COA fr BRE.svg Duchy of Brittany
Commanders and leaders
Henry II Arms.svg King Henry II
Blason Lucy de Cockermouth (selon Gelre).svg Richard de Luci
Flag of England.svg Ranulf de Glanvill
Arms of Eleanor of Aquitaine.svg Eleanor of Aquitaine (wife of Henry II)  (POW)
Royal Arms of England (1154-1189).svg Henry the Young King (son of Henry II)
Richard I of England Arms.svg Richard I (son of Henry II)
COA fr BRE.svg Geoffrey II (son of Henry II)
Flag of England.svg Robert de Beaumont  (POW)
Flag of England.svg Hugh Bigod
Flag of Scotland.svg David, Earl of Huntingdon
Flag of England.svg William de Ferrers  (POW)
COA Hugh de Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester.svg Hugh de Kevelioc  (POW)
William I, King of Scots (seal 01).png William the Lion  (POW)
Arms of the Kingdom of France (Ancien).svg Louis VII
Arms of Flanders.svg Philip I
Blason Courtenay.svg Matthew, Count of Boulogne  

The Revolt of 1173–74 was a rebellion against King Henry II of England by three of his sons, his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine, and their rebel supporters. The revolt ended in failure after eighteen months; Henry's rebellious family members had to resign themselves to his continuing rule and were reconciled to him.

King Henry II ruled England, Normandy, and Anjou, while his wife Queen Eleanor ruled the vast territory of Aquitaine. In 1173 Henry had four legitimate sons (from oldest to youngest): Henry, called the "Young King", Richard (later called "the Lionheart"), Geoffrey, and John "Lackland", all of whom stood to inherit some or all of these possessions. Henry also had an illegitimate son named Geoffrey, born probably before the eldest of the legitimate children.

Henry "the Young King" was 18 years old in 1173 and praised for his good looks and charm. He had been married for a long time to the daughter of Louis VII, the King of France and Eleanor's ex-husband. Henry the Young King kept a large and glamorous retinue but was constrained by his lack of resources: "he had many knights but he had no means to give rewards and gifts to the knights". The young Henry was therefore anxious to take control of some of his ancestral inheritances to rule in his own right.

The immediate practical cause of the rebellion was Henry's decision to bequeath three castles, which were within the realm of the Young King's inheritance, to his youngest son, John, as part of the arrangements for John's marriage to the daughter of the Count of Maurienne. At this, Henry the Young King was encouraged to rebel by many aristocrats who saw potential profit and gain in a power transition. His mother Eleanor had been feuding with her husband, and she joined the cause as did many others upset by Henry's possible involvement in the murder of Archbishop Thomas Becket in 1170, which had left Henry alienated throughout Christendom.


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