Revised NEO Personality Inventory

The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) is a personality inventory, published in 1990 and keyed the Big Five personality traits. It is a revised version of Costa and McCrae’s (1978) NEO Personality Inventory. The NEO PI-R consists of 240 items. A shortened version, the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), comprises 60 items (12 items per domain). Both the NEO PI-R and NEO-FFI have been updated over the years, with their last updates in 2010. While the NEO PI-R is still published, the NEO Personality Inventory-3 (NEO PI-3) is the 2010 revision of the NEO PI-R. The NEO Five-Factor Inventory-3 (NEO-FFI-3) is the 2010 revision of the NEO-FFI. The revised inventories feature updated norms.

The NEO PI-R assesses the Big Five personality traits: Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience. Additionally, the inventory assesses six subordinate dimensions (known as facets) of each of the main personality factors. The test was developed by Paul Costa, Jr. and Robert McCrae for use with adult men and women without overt psychopathology. It was later shown to also be useful at younger ages.

A table of the personality dimensions measured by the NEO PI-R, including facets, is as follows:

In the 1970s, Paul Costa and Robert McCrae were researching age-related changes in personality. Costa and McCrae reported that they began by looking for the broad and agreed-upon traits of Neuroticism (N) and Extraversion (E), but cluster analyses led them to a third broad trait, Openness to Experience (O). The original version of the inventory, which was published in 1978, included only those three factors. The inventory was then called the Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Inventory (NEO-I). This version would be included in the Augmented Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.

Based on data from the Baltimore study, Costa and McCrae recognized two additional factors: Agreeableness (A) and Conscientiousness (C). Accordingly, in 1985 they published the first manual for the NEO that included all five factors, which are now known as the Big Five personality personality traits. Costa and McCrae renamed their instrument the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI). In this version, "NEO" was now considered part of the name of the test and was no longer an acronym. The assessment at this time included six facet sub-scales for the three original factors (N, E, & O). This naming convention continued with the third version, with the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, published in 1990, being referred to as NEO PI-R.

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