Respiratory alkalosis

Respiratory alkalosis
Davenport diagram outlines pH and bicarbonate levels
Classification and external resources
Specialty	endocrinology
ICD-10	E87.3
ICD-9-CM	276.3
DiseasesDB	406
MedlinePlus	000111
eMedicine	med/2009
MeSH	D000472
[]

Respiratory alkalosis is a medical condition in which increased respiration elevates the blood pH beyond the normal range (7.35-7.45) with a concurrent reduction in arterial levels of carbon dioxide. This condition is one of the four basic categories of disruption of acid-base homeostasis.

There are two types of respiratory alkalosis: chronic and acute as a result of the 3-5 day delay in kidney compensation of the abnormality.

Signs and symptoms of respiratory alkalosis are as follows:

Respiratory alkalosis may be produced as a result of the following causes:

The mechanism of respiratory alkalosis generally occurs when some stimulus makes a person hyperventilate. The increased breathing produces increased alveolar respiration, expelling CO₂ from the circulation. This alters the dynamic chemical equilibrium of carbon dioxide in the circulatory system. Circulating hydrogen ions and bicarbonate are shifted through the carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) intermediate to make more CO₂ via the enzyme carbonic anhydrase according to the following reaction: ${\displaystyle {\rm {HCO_{3}^{-}+H^{+}\rightarrow H_{2}CO_{3}\rightarrow CO_{2}+H_{2}O}}}$ This causes decreased circulating hydrogen ion concentration, and increased pH (alkalosis).

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