Republika Srpska (1991–95)
| Serb Republic | ||||||||||||||||||
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Republika Srpska Република Српска |
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| Unrecognized entity, client state of Serbia | ||||||||||||||||||
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Anthem Bože Pravde |
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 Front lines in the Bosnian War, 1995.
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| Capital | Pale | |||||||||||||||||
| Government | Republic | |||||||||||||||||
| President | ||||||||||||||||||
| • | 1992–1996a | Radovan Karadžić | ||||||||||||||||
| Prime Minister | ||||||||||||||||||
| • | 1992–1993 | Branko Đerić | ||||||||||||||||
| • | 1993–1994 | Vladimir Lukić | ||||||||||||||||
| • | 1994–1995 | Dušan Kozić | ||||||||||||||||
| • | 1995–1996a | Rajko Kasagić | ||||||||||||||||
| Historical era | Breakup of Yugoslavia | |||||||||||||||||
| • | Proclamation | 9 January 1992 | ||||||||||||||||
| • | Constitution | 28 February 1992 | ||||||||||||||||
| • | Independence | 7 April 1992 | ||||||||||||||||
| • | Srebrenica massacre | 11–22 July 1995 | ||||||||||||||||
| • | Dayton Agreement | 14 December 1995 | ||||||||||||||||
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| a. | Although Republika Srpska was reincorporated into Bosnia and Herzegovina as an autonomous entity in 1995, these offices continued until 1996. | |||||||||||||||||
During the Bosnian War from 1992 to 1995 Republika Srpska was a proto-state under the control of the Army of the Republika Srpska, while after 1995, it is one of two political entities composing Bosnia and Herzegovina. The borders of Republika Srpska are, with a few negotiated modifications, based on the front lines and situation on the ground at the time of the Dayton Peace Accords. As such, the entity is primarily a result of the Bosnian war without any direct historical precedent. Its territory encompasses a number of Bosnia and Herzegovina's numerous historical geographic regions, but (due to the above-mentioned nature of the inter-entity boundary line) it contains very few of them in entirety. Likewise, various political units existed within Republika Srpska's territory in the past but very few existed entirely within the region.
During the political crisis that followed the secession of Slovenia and Croatia from the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia on 25 June 1991, a separate Bosnian Serb Assembly was founded on 24 October 1991, as the representative body of Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnian Serbs claimed that this was a necessary step since the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina, at that time, defined that no major changes were to be granted short of a unanimous agreement on all three sides. Bosniaks and Bosnian Croats wanted independence for Bosnia against the Bosnian Serbs’ wishes.
A referendum that asked citizens whether they wanted to remain within Yugoslavia was held on 9 and 10 November 1991. The parliamentary government of Bosnia and Herzegovina (with a clear Bosniak and Croat majority) asserted that this plebiscite was illegal, but the Bosnian Serb Assembly acknowledged its results. On 21 November 1991, the Assembly proclaimed that all those municipalities, local communities, and populated places in which over 50% of the people of Serbian nationality had voted, as well as those places where citizens of other nationalities had expressed themselves in favor of remaining in a joint Yugoslav state, would be territory of the federal Yugoslav state.
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