René de Marmande
| René de Marmande | |
|---|---|
René de Marmande at Méru in April 1909
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| Born |
Marie Constant Emmanuel de Rorthay de Saint Hilaire 1 January 1875 Vannes, Morbihan, France |
| Died | 22 October 1949 (aged 74) Chapelle-Forainvillers, Eure-et-Loir, France |
| Nationality | French |
| Occupation | Journalist |
| Known for | Anarchist activism |
René de Marmande (1 January 1875 – 22 October 1949) was a French journalist and anarchist.
Marie Constant Emmanuel de Rorthay de Saint Hilaire, who later took the pseudonym of René de Marmande, was born in Vannes, Morbihan on 1 January 1875. His family were minor nobility of the Vendée, and his father was prefect of Morbihan.
René de Marmande became a journalist, and played an active role in the libertarian and revolutionary syndicalist movements before World War I (1914–18). He contributed to the Temps Nouveaux of Jean Grave, the Guerre sociale of Gustave Hervé and the bulletin of the Association internationale antimilitariste (AIA: International Anti-Militarism Association). In 1906 he was appointed treasurer of Liberté d'opinion (Freedom of opinion), a committee to assist political prisoners. Other activists in the committee included Charles Desplanques, Alphonse Merrheim, Émile Janvion, Paul Delesalle and Auguste Garnery.
In August 1907 René de Marmande, Amédée Dunois, Benoît Broutchoux, Henri Beylie and Pierre Monatte were among the French delegates to the International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam, where Marmande was rapporteur for the discussion on "anti-militarism as a tactic of anarchism". Only eight French anarchists attended the Congress in all. Marmande signed a proposition that said syndicalism and the material interests of the proletariat were the main basis of revolutionary activity, and another that said revolutionary trade unionism and the general strike are only means and can in no way replace the Social Revolution. The capitalistic régime could only be abolished through an insurrection and expropriation, and the battle should be directed against all authoritarian forces. René de Marmande also attended the congress of the AIA while in Amsterdam. Marmande met Emma Goldman at the anarchist congress. In her notes she recorded:
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