Red Turban invasions of Goryeo

Red Turban invasions of Korea
Date December 1359 and November 1360 Location Northern Korean Peninsula Result Goryeo victory
Belligerents
Goryeo dynasty	Red Turban army
Commanders and leaders
An U Yi Bang-sil Kim Deuk-sil Kim Deuk-bae Choe Yeong Jeong Seun Yi Seonggye	Mao Ju-jing Pan Cheng Sha Liu † Guan Xiansheng † Zhou Yuan-shuai
Strength
~20,000 (1359) ~200,000 (1360)	~40,000 (1359) ~200,000 (1360)

The Red Turban invasions of Goryeo occurred in the 14th century, when the Red Turban Rebellion spread to Goryeo on the Korean Peninsula. The Red Turban rebels, originating in the Zhejiang area, were opposed to the Yuan dynasty of China and the Mongolian plateau. After gaining control of Liaodong, the Red Turbans invaded Goryeo in 1359 and 1360.

The Mongol invasions of Korea lasted from 1231–1259, and Goryeo became a vassal state of Yuan in 1270 until 1356. In the mid-14th century, when the Yuan dynasty was beginning to crumble due to the Red Turban Rebellion, Gongmin reformed the Korean government, abolished Mongolian military outposts, purged pro-Yuan sentiments, and regained lost northern territories.

In December 1359, part of the Red Turban army moved their base to the Liaodong Peninsula. However, they were experiencing a shortage of war materiels and lost their withdrawal route to Chinese mainland. The Red Turban army led by Mao Ju-jing invaded Goryeo and took the city of Pyongyang. In January 1360, the Goryeo army led by An U and Yi Bang-sil retook Pyongyang and the northern region which had been captured by the enemy. Of the Red Turban army that had crossed the Yalu River, only 300 troops returned to Liaoning after the war.

In November 1360, the Red Turban troops invaded again Goryeo's northwest border with 200,000 troops and they occupied Gaegyeong, the capital of Goryeo, for a short period, King Gongmin escaped to Andong. However, Generals Choe Yeong, Yi Seonggye (later Taejo of Joseon), Jeong Seun and Yi Bang-sil repulsed the Red Turban army. Sha Liu and Guan Xiansheng, who were Red Turban generals, were killed in the battles. The Goryeo army continually chased their enemy and cleared them from the Korean Peninsula.

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