Raoul Gradis
| Raoul Gradis | |
|---|---|
Gradis c. 1940
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| Born |
David Alexandre Raoul Gradis 15 June 1861 Bordeaux, France |
| Died | 18 June 1943 (aged 82) |
| Nationality | French |
| Occupation | Painter, composer and shipowner |
Raoul Gradis (15 June 1861 – 18 June 1943) was a French painter, composer and shipowner.
Raoul Gradis was the son of Moïse Henri Gradis (1823–1905) and Hanna Claire (Brandame) Gradis (1835–1925). His family was Jewish, and had probably moved to Bordeaux from Portugal around 1495. From 1685 onward the Gradis family was a wealthy line of merchants and shipowners. They corresponded with all the main markets of Europe, and were prominent in trade between France and the Caribbean, Canada and the United States. From before the French Revolution the family was recognized as leaders of the French Jewish community. The family company David Gradis & fils traded in wines, spirits and fabrics. The Gradis house received important privileges, particularly in Martinique and Saint Domingo, in return for their services to the state. Raoul's father Henri Gradis, who was deputy mayor of Bordeaux, wrote a history of Bordeaux and several literary works.
David Alexandre Raoul Gradis was born in Bordeaux on 15 June 1861. Raoul Gradis enlisted in the army in 1881, became a lieutenant in 1884, then was made captain in the 23rd territorial artillery regiment. He studied painting under Maxime Lalanne at the Ecole des Beaux-arts de Bordeaux, then under Ferdinand Humbert and Henri Gervex at the Ecole des Beaux-arts de Paris. He exhibited at the Salon des Amis des Arts from 1886, and was a member of the Salon. Gradis wrote several musical works including "Poem for piano and violin." He was an associate of the Society of French Artists and a member of the Philomathique Society of Bordeaux.
Raoul Gradis married Suzanne Fould in 1888. His wife was daughter of Paul Fould, Master of Requests of the French council of state, and Eve Mathilde de Günzburg. Her maternal grandfather was baron Joseph de Günzburg of St. Petersburg, Russia. Their children were Gaston Gradis (1889–1968), Marie-Louise Rachel Minna Blanchy (born 1894), who married Bernard Blanchy, and Jean Gradis (1900–1975). In 1899 his sister Esther Lucie Gabrielle Alice Emma Gradis (1866-1925) married Georges Julien Schwob d'Héricourt.Georges Schwob d'Héricourt became Raoul Gradis's business partner.
Raoul Gradis succeeded his father as head of the Maison Gradis 1905, working with Georges Schwob d'Héricourt. During World War I (1914–18) "David Gradis et Fils" was responsible for ensuring France's entire supply of sugar. Raoul's sons Gaston and Jean Gradis served on the front as artillery officers. In 1921 Raoul Gradis and Georges Schwob d'Héricourt changed the name of David Gradis et Fils to the Société française pour le commerce avec les colonies et l'étranger (SFCCE). Georges Schwob d'Héricourt was president and Raul Gradis vice-president.
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