Ranitidine

Ranitidine
Clinical data


Pronunciation	/rəˈnɪtᵻdiːn/
Trade names	Zantac, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a601106
License data	US FDA: Ranitidine
Pregnancy category	AU: B1 US: B (No risk in non-human studies)
Routes of administration	Oral, IV
ATC code	A02BA02 (WHO) A02BA07 (WHO) (ranitidine bismuth citrate)
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S2 (Pharmacy only) UK: General sales list (GSL, OTC) US: OTC/RX
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	39 to 88%
Protein binding	15%
Metabolism	Hepatic: FMOs, including FMO3; other enzymes
Biological half-life	2–3 hours
Excretion	30–70% Renal
Identifiers
IUPAC name N-(2-[(5-[(dimethylamino)methyl]furan-2-yl)methylthio]ethyl)-N'-methyl-2-nitroethene-1,1-diamine
Synonyms	Dimethyl [(5-{[(2-{[1-(methylamino)- 2-nitroethenyl]amino}ethyl)sulfanyl] methyl}furan-2-yl)methyl]amine
CAS Number	66357-35-5^Y
PubChem (CID)	3001055
IUPHAR/BPS	1234
DrugBank	DB00863^Y
ChemSpider	4863^N
UNII	884KT10YB7^Y
KEGG	D00422^Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:8776^N
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1790041^N
ECHA InfoCard	100.060.283
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₁₃H₂₂N₄O₃S
Molar mass	314.4 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
SMILES CNC(=C[N+](=O)[O-])NCCSCc1ccc(o1)CN(C)C
InChI InChI=1S/C13H22N4O3S/c1-14-13(9-17(18)19)15-6-7-21-10-12-5-4-11(20-12)8-16(2)3/h4-5,9,14-15H,6-8,10H2,1-3H3^N Key:VMXUWOKSQNHOCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N^N
^NY (what is this?)

Ranitidine, sold under the trade name Zantac among others, is a medication that decreases stomach acid production. It is commonly used in treatment of peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and Zollinger–Ellison syndrome. There is also tentative evidence of benefit for hives. It can be taken by mouth, by injection into a muscle, or into a vein.

Common side effects include headaches and pain or burning if given by injection. Serious side effects may include liver problems, a slow heart rate, pneumonia, and the potential of masking stomach cancer. It is also linked to an increased risk of Clostridium difficile colitis. It is generally safe in pregnancy. Ranitidine is an H₂ histamine receptor antagonist that works by blocking histamine and thus decreasing the amount of acid released by cells of the stomach.

Ranitidine was discovered in 1976 and came into commercial use in 1981. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. It is available as a generic medication. The wholesale price in the developing world is about 0.01 to 0.05 USD per pill. In the United States it is about 0.05 USD per dose.

Certain preparations of ranitidine are available over the counter (OTC) in various countries. In the United States, 75- and 150-mg tablets are available OTC. Zantac OTC is manufactured by Boehringer Ingelheim. In Australia and the UK, packs containing seven or 14 doses of the 150-mg tablet are available in supermarkets, small packs of 150-mg and 300-mg tablets are schedule 2 pharmacy medicines. Larger doses and pack sizes still require a prescription.

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