Ramism

Ramism was a collection of theories on rhetoric, logic and pedagogy based on the teachings of Petrus Ramus, a French academic, philosopher and Huguenot convert who was murdered in 1572 during the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in August.

According to Jonathan Israel, Ramism

despite its crudity, enjoyed vast popularity in late sixteenth-century Europe, and at the outset of the seventeenth, providing as it did a method of systematizing all branches of knowledge, emphasizing the relevance of theory to practical applications [...].

Audomarus Talaeus (Omer Talon) was an early French disciple and writer on Ramism. The work of Ramus gained early international attention, with Roger Ascham corresponding about him with Johann Sturm, teacher of Ramus and collaborator with Ascham; Ascham supported his stance on Joachim Perion, one early opponent, but also expressed some reservations. Later Ascham found Ramus's lack of respect for Cicero, rather than extreme proponents, just unacceptable.

After Ramus died, his ideas had influence in some (but not all) parts of Protestant Europe. His influence was strong in Germany and the Netherlands, and on Puritan and Calvinist theologians of England, Scotland, and New England. He had little effect on mainstream Swiss Calvinists, and was largely ignored in Catholic countries. The progress of Ramism in the half-century roughly 1575 to 1625 was closely related to, and mediated by, university education: the religious factor came in through the different reception in Protestant and Catholic universities, all over Europe. The works of Ramus reached New England on the Mayflower.

Ramus was killed in 1572, and a biography by Banosius (Théophile de Banos) appeared by 1576. His status as Huguenot martyr certainly had something to do with the early dissemination of his ideas. Outside France, for example, there was the 1574 English translation by the Scot Roland MacIlmaine of the University of St Andrews. Ramus's works and influence then appeared in the logical textbooks of the Scottish universities, and equally he had followers in England.

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