Ramesses III
| Ramesses III | |
|---|---|
| Ramses III, Rameses III | |
Relief from the sanctuary of the Temple of Khonsu at Karnak depicting Ramesses III
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| Pharaoh | |
| Reign | 1186–1155 BC (20th Dynasty) |
| Predecessor | Setnakhte |
| Successor | Ramesses IV |
| Consort | Iset Ta-Hemdjert, Tyti, Tiye |
| Children |
Ramesses IV, Ramesses VI, Ramesses VIII, Amun-her-khepeshef, Meryamun, Pareherwenemef, Khaemwaset, Meryatum, Montuherkhopshef, Pentawere, Duatentopet (?) |
| Father | Setnakhte |
| Mother | Tiy-Merenese |
| Born | 1217 BC |
| Died | 1155 BC |
| Burial | KV11 |
| Monuments | Medinet Habu |
Ramesses IV, Ramesses VI, Ramesses VIII, Amun-her-khepeshef, Meryamun, Pareherwenemef,
Usimare Ramesses III (also written Ramses and Rameses) was the second Pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty and is considered to be the last New Kingdom king to wield any substantial authority over Egypt. His long reign saw the decline of Egyptian political and economic power, linked to a series of invasions and internal economic problems.
Ramesses III was the son of Setnakhte and Queen Tiy-Merenese. He was probably murdered by an assassin in a conspiracy led by one of his secondary wives, Tiye, and her son Pentaweret.
Ramesses' two main names transliterate as wsr-mꜢʿt-rʿ–mry-ỉmn rʿ-ms-s–ḥḳꜢ-ỉwnw. They are normally realised as Usermaatre-meryamun Ramesse-hekaiunu, meaning "The Ma'at of Ra is strong, Beloved of Amun, Born of Ra, Ruler of Heliopolis".
Ramesses III is believed to have reigned from March 1186 to April 1155 BC. This is based on his known accession date of I Shemu day 26 and his death on Year 32 III Shemu day 15, for a reign of 31 years, 1 month and 19 days. Alternate dates for his reign are 1187 to 1156 BC.
In a description of his coronation from Medinet Habu, four doves were said to be "dispatched to the four corners of the horizon to confirm that the living Horus, Ramses III, is (still) in possession of his throne, that the order of Maat prevails in the cosmos and society".
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