R-7 Semyorka
| R-7A | |
|---|---|
_misil.svg)
A 2-view drawing of the R-7 Semyorka (NATO code-name SS-6 Sapwood)
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| Type | Ballistic missile |
| Place of origin | Soviet Union |
| Service history | |
| In service | 9 February 1959 - 1968 |
| Used by |
 Soviet Union: Strategic Missile Troops
|
| Wars | Cold War |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Sergei Korolev |
| Designed | From 1953 |
| Manufacturer | OKB-1 |
| Specifications | |
| Weight | 280 metric tons (280 long tons; 310 short tons) |
| Length | 34 m (112 ft) |
| Diameter | 3.02 m (9.9 ft) |
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| Engine |
1st stage: 4x jettisonable four-chamber RD-107 booster engines each with 2x vernier rocket engines plus 1x four-chamber RD-108 core engine with 4x vernier rocket engines. |
| Propellant | Kerosene T-1 fuel + liquid oxygen (LO2) Oxidiser. |
|
Guidance
system |
Inertial guidance with radio control of vernier thrusters for launch. |
|
Steering
system |
12x vernier thrusters arranged around the booster clusters and the core engines |
| Accuracy | 2.5-5.0 kilometers (max. deviation 10 kilometers) |
1st stage: 4x jettisonable four-chamber RD-107 booster engines each with 2x vernier rocket engines plus 1x four-chamber RD-108 core engine with 4x vernier rocket engines.
2nd stage: 1x four-chamber RD-108 core engine with 4x vernier rocket engines.
RD-107 4x 907.4 kN (203,992 lbf)
RD-108 1x 907.4 kN (203,992 lbf)
The R-7 (Russian: Р-7 «Семёрка») was a Soviet missile developed during the Cold War, and the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile. The R-7 made 28 launches between 1957 and 1961, but was never deployed operationally. A derivative, the R-7A, was deployed from 1959 to 1968. To the West it was known by the NATO reporting name SS-6 Sapwood and within the Soviet Union by the GRAU index 8K71. In modified form, it launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite, into orbit, and became the basis for the R7 family which includes Sputnik, Luna, Molniya, Vostok, and Voskhod space launchers, as well as later Soyuz variants.
The widely used nickname for the R-7 launcher, "semyorka", means "the 7" in Russian.
The R-7 was 34 m (112 ft) long, 3.02 m (9.9 ft) in diameter and weighed 280 metric tons (280 long tons; 310 short tons); it had two stages, powered by rocket engines using liquid oxygen (LOX) and kerosene and capable of delivering its payload up to 8,800 km (5,500 mi), with an accuracy (CEP) of around 5 km (3.1 mi). A single thermonuclear warhead was carried with a nominal yield of 3 megatons of TNT. The initial launch was boosted by four strap-on liquid rocket boosters making up the first stage, with a central 'sustainer' motor powering through both the first and the second stage. Each strap-on booster included two vernier thrusters and the core stage included four. The guidance system was inertial with radio control of the vernier thrusters.
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