Putinism

Vladimir Putin has served three terms as President of Russia: 2000 to 2004, 2004 to 2008, 2012 to present. He was acting president from 1999–2000, succeeding Boris Yeltsin after Yeltsin's early retirement. Putin was prime minister for three months in 1999, and served a full term from 2008 to 2012.

During Putin's presidency he has been a member of the Unity party and the United Russia party. He is also affiliated with the People's Front, a group of supporters that Putin organized in 2011 to help improve the public's perception of United Russia. His political ideology, priorities, and policies are sometimes referred to as "Putinism" (Russian: путинизм).

Putin has enjoyed very high domestic approval ratings. In 2007, he was Time magazine's Person of the Year. In 2015, he was designated #1 in Time 100, Time magazine's list of the top 100 most influential people in the world. In 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016, he was designated #1 on the Forbes list of The World's Most Powerful People.

The political system under Putin features some elements of economic liberalism, a lack of transparency in governance, cronyism, nepotism and pervasive corruption, which assumed in Putin's Russia "a systemic and institutionalized form", according to a report by Boris Nemtsov, as well as according to other sources. Between 1999 and autumn 2008 Russia's economy grew at a steady pace, which some experts attribute to the sharp rouble devaluation of 1998, Boris Yeltsin-era structural reforms, to rising oil prices and to cheap credit from Western banks. In former Ambassador Michael McFaul's opinion (June 2004), Russia’s "impressive" short-term economic growth "came simultaneously with the destruction of free media, threats to civil society and an unmitigated corruption of justice".

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