Psephenidae
| Water-penny beetle | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Larva | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Superfamily: | Byrrhoidea |
| Family: |
Psephenidae Lacordaire, 1854 |
| Subfamilies | |
|
Eubrianacinae Jacobson, 1913 |
|
Eubrianacinae Jacobson, 1913
Eubriinae Lacordaire, 1857
Psepheninae Lacordaire, 1854
Psephenoidinae Hinton, 1939
Water-penny beetles are a family (the Psephenidae) of 272 species (in 35 genera) of aquatic beetles found on all continents, in both tropical and temperate areas. The young, which live in water, resemble tiny pennies. The larvae feed – usually nocturnally – on algae on rock surfaces. The presence of water penny larvae in a stream can be used as a test for the quality of the water, as they are pollution-sensitive. They cannot live in habitats where rocks acquire a thick layer of algae, fungi, or inorganic sediment. Therefore, their presence along with other diverse phyla signifies good-quality water. They are around 6 to 10 millimeters in length.
A water penny larvae's shell are oval-shaped to almost circular and is commonly a copper color, which explains the name, 'water penny.' Water pennies obtain oxygen through their membrane and through feathery gills located at the base of the abdomen. They are typically found in riffles in streams with a moderate to fast current, clinging to the underside of logs or rocks. Occasionally, they can be found on rocks along the shores of lakes. Attached to the legs are scrapers, which are used to scrape the algae from the surface of a log or rock.
In North America, they are usually found in the Northeast, and occasionally discovered in the Southwest. Some genera in the US:
As adults, water pennies become terrestrial. Adults are relatively short-lived and eat little to nothing.
...
Wikipedia