Protoparvovirus
| Protoparvovirus | |
|---|---|
| Virus classification | |
| Group: | Group II (ssDNA) |
| Family: | Parvoviridae |
| Subfamily: | Parvovirinae |
| Genus: | Protoparvovirus |
| Type Species | |
Protoparvovirus is a genus of viruses in the subfamily Parvovirinae of the virus family Parvoviridae. Vertebrates serve as natural hosts. There are currently five species in this genus including the type species Rodent protoparvovirus 1. This genus includes canine parvovirus, which causes gastrointestinal tract damage in puppies that is about 80% fatal. Until 2014, the genus was called Parvovirus, but it was renamed to eliminate confusion between members of this genus and members of the entire family Parvoviridae.
Group: ssDNA
Five species are currently recognized, most containing several named viruses, virus strains, genotypes or serotypes. When applied to viruses, the definition of species is a little unusual. It is simply an abstract taxonomic concept that clusters a selected range of genetic variants, helping to distinguish branches in a phylogenetic lineage, but it is not a physical entity like a virus that can infect an animal or be isolated. If the diversity level used to define a species is set very low, many will effectively contain a single virus, and the virus and species may even be given the same name, resulting in confusion between the two concepts in the literature, and marginalizing the phylogenetic role of the species taxon. To counter this problem, the diversity level now recognized for species in the Parvoviridae is relatively broad: species are defined as a cluster of similar viruses that encode a particular replication protein, typically called NS1, that is at least 85% identical to the protein encoded by other members of the species, as discussed in and.
Recognized species in genus Protoparvovirus include:
A new virus in this genus was recently discovered in the feces of children from Burkina Faso, and named using the siglum Bufavirus. Three genotypes of bufaviruses have so far been detected, circulating in Tunisia, Finland and Bhutan
Another candidate virus in this group—Tusavirus 1—has been reported in the feces of a single human, but whether or not it is able to infect humans or was simply ingested remains to be clarified.
Another set of viruses—provisionally termed cutaviruses—has been isolated from the feces of children with diarrhea. These appear to be related to the bufoviruses.
Viruses in genus Protoparvovirus have non-enveloped protein capsids around 18–26 nm in diameter, which show T=1 icosahedral symmetry. Genomes are single-stranded linear DNA between 4–6kb in length, with small (100–500b) imperfect palindromic sequences at each terminus that fold to form distinctive duplex hairpin telomeres.
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