Projectile motion

Projectile motion is a form of motion in which an object or particle (in either case referred to as a projectile) is thrown near the Earth's surface, and it moves along a curved path under the action of gravity only. The implication here is that air resistance is negligible, or in any case is being neglected in all of these equations. The only force of significance that acts on the object is gravity, which acts downward to cause a downward acceleration. Because of the object's inertia, no external horizontal force is needed to maintain the horizontal velocity of the object.

Let the projectile be launched with an initial velocity ${\displaystyle \mathbf {v} (0)\equiv \mathbf {v} _{0}}$, which can be expressed as the sum of horizontal and vertical components as follows:

The components ${\displaystyle v_{0x}}$ and ${\displaystyle v_{0y}}$ can be found if the initial launch angle, ${\displaystyle \theta }$, is known:

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