Proechimys semispinosus
| Tome's spiny rat | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Rodentia |
| Family: | Echimyidae |
| Genus: | Proechimys |
| Species: | P. semispinosus |
| Binomial name | |
|
Proechimys semispinosus (Tomes, 1860) |
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| Subspecies | |
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P. s. burrus Bangs, 1901 |
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| Synonyms | |
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Proechimys gorgonae Bangs, 1905 |
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P. s. burrus Bangs, 1901
P. s. calidior Thomas, 1911
P. s. centralis (Thomas, 1896)
P. s. colombianus Thomas, 1914
P. s. goldmani Bole, 1937
P. s. ignotus Kellogg, 1946
P. s. panamensis Thomas, 1900
P. s. rosa Thomas, 1900
P. s. rubellus Hollister, 1914
P. s. semispinosus (Tomes, 1860)
Proechimys gorgonae Bangs, 1905
Tome's spiny rat (Proechimys semispinosus), also known as Tomes' spiny rat or the Central American spiny rat, is a species of spiny rat distributed from Honduras to Ecuador. The IUCN has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".
Tome's spiny rat is a large rat with a head-and-body length of between 220 and 280 mm (8.7 and 11.0 in) and a tail length of between 175 and 192 mm (6.9 and 7.6 in). The head is long and slender, with prominent eyes and narrow erect ears. At night, the eyes reflect a reddish eyeshine. The feet are long with strong nails. The pelage is sleek with spines mixed in with the dorsal fur, though these are not very obvious in the field. The upper parts are reddish-brown while the underparts are white. The tail is almost hairless and is reddish-brown above and white below. About 20% of animals encountered have no tail. This rat could be confused with the armored rat (Hoplomys gymnurus) which is much the same size, but the armored rat has a longer snout and smaller eyes, which are less reflective at night. Other terrestrial rats are considerably smaller and mostly have tails that are longer than their head-and-body lengths.
Its karyotype has 2n = 30 and FN = 50-54.
The range of Tome's spiny rat extends from southeastern Honduras to southwestern Ecuador and possibly to northern Peru. It generally keeps below 800 m (2,620 ft) but in Ecuador may be found a little higher. It is a common species in evergreen and deciduous forest, favouring riparian corridors and low-lying areas. It is a tolerant and adaptable species, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".
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