Probability vector

In mathematics and statistics, a probability vector or stochastic vector is a vector with non-negative entries that add up to one.

The positions (indices) of a probability vector represent the possible outcomes of a discrete random variable, and the vector gives us the probability mass function of that random variable, which is the standard way of characterizing a discrete probability distribution.

Here are some examples of probability vectors. The vectors can be either columns or rows.

${\displaystyle x_{0}={\begin{bmatrix}0.5\\0.25\\0.25\end{bmatrix}},\;x_{1}={\begin{bmatrix}0\\1\\0\end{bmatrix}},\;x_{2}={\begin{bmatrix}0.65&0.35\end{bmatrix}},\;x_{3}={\begin{bmatrix}0.3&0.5&0.07&0.1&0.03\end{bmatrix}}.}$

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