Princess Maria Sophia Dorothea Caroline of Thurn and Taxis (full German name: Maria Sophia Dorothea Caroline, Prinzessin von Thurn und Taxis) (4 March 1800, Regensburg, Free Imperial City of Regensburg, Holy Roman Empire – 20 December 1870, Regensburg, Kingdom of Bavaria) was a member of the House of Thurn and Taxis and a Princess of Thurn and Taxis by birth and a member of the House of Württemberg and a Duchess of Württemberg through her marriage to Duke Paul Wilhelm of Württemberg, a German naturalist and explorer.

Maria Sophia was the fifth child and fourth daughter of Karl Alexander, 5th Prince of Thurn and Taxis and his wife Duchess Therese of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. She was a younger sister of Maximilian Karl, 6th Prince of Thurn and Taxis and Maria Theresia, Princess Esterházy of Galántha.

Maria Sophia married Duke Paul Wilhelm of Württemberg, fifth and youngest child of Duke Eugen of Württemberg and his wife Princess Luise of Stolberg-Gedern., on 17 April 1827 in Regensburg. Maria Sophia and Paul Wilhelm had one son:

Maria Sophia and Paul Wilhelm divorced on 2 May 1835. Following her divorce, Maria Sophia acquired Württembergisches Palais and its adjacent Herzogspark in Regensburg. She made her residence at the Württembergisches Palais until her death.

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