The title of Prince of Leiningen (German: Fürst zu Leiningen) was created by the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II, who elevated Carl Friedrich Wilhelm, Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Hardenburg (a younger branch of the House of Leiningen) to the rank of Reichsfürst (Prince of the Holy Roman Empire) on 3 July 1779.
From 1560 until 1725 Hardenburg Castle was the main seat of the branch. After its partial destruction during the Nine Years' War the residence was moved to Bad Durkheim.
In 1801, this line was deprived of its lands on the left bank of the Rhine, namely Hardenburg, Dagsburg and Durkheim, by France, but in 1803 it received the secularized Amorbach Abbey as an ample compensation for these losses. The complete titles of Carl Friedrich Wilhelm, 1st Prince of Leiningen were Imperial Prince of Leiningen, Count palatine of Mosbach, Count of Düren, Lord of Miltenberg, Amorbach, Bischofsheim, Boxberg, Schüpf and Lauda.
A few years later, the short-lived Principality of Leiningen at Amorbach was mediatized, and its territory is now included mainly in Baden, but partly in Bavaria and in Hesse. Amorbach Abbey is still today the seat of the Prince of Leiningen. The former hunting lodge Waldleiningen Castle at Mudau is now run as a hospital by the family.