Peter August Ludwig Maria Michael Gabriel Raphael Gonzaga (Portuguese: Pedro Augusto Luís Maria Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga; 19 March 1866 – 6 July 1934), known in Brazil as Dom Pedro Augusto, was a prince of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry and a prince of the Empire of Brazil. He was the first of four sons born to German Prince Ludwig August of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Princess Leopoldina of Brazil.

The eldest son of Prince Louis Augustus of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony, and of Dona Leopoldina of Braganza, Princess of Brazil, Dom Pedro Augusto was also the first grandson of Dom Pedro II and Empress Teresa Cristina. Her paternal grandparents were Prince Augustus of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha and Princess Clementine of Orleans (daughter of King Louis Philippe of France) . [1 Princess]

Due to the lack of heirs by the Imperial Princess and the miscarriage suffered by Dona Leopoldina in her first pregnancy, high expectations had been surrounding the birth of Don Pedro Augusto. [2] On the eve of the birth, the council of ministers as well as representatives of the legislative, the Great Empire and the entire diplomatic corps were alerted to the big event. At 16:10h of March 19th, 1866, at the Leopoldina Hall, "The Preferred" came into the world, and his birth was announced with three rockets fired from the Imperial Palace of São Cristóvão, followed by volleys of guns of the forts and ships anchored in the bar. [Note 1] The baptism was held in April in the Imperial Chapel. In the "Speech from the Throne" on May 3 of that year, the emperor made reference to the happy event.

By virtue of the marriage contract between Princess Leopoldina and the Duke of Saxe, the couple undertook to reside part of the year in Brazil as the emperor considered the succession of Princess Isabel as not assured. [Assim,] Dom Pedro Augusto spent part of his early childhood in Brazil and part in Europe. A few weeks after the birth of her fourth and last son, Prince Louis Gaston, Dona Leopoldina contracted typhoid fever and died in Vienna on February 7, 1871, at twenty-three years of age [.Neste] That same year, the Imperial couple made their first visit to Europe, where a family council decided that Don Pedro Augusto and his brother, Don Augusto Leopoldo, must return to Brazil to be raised by his maternal grandparents. At the request of the Emperor, doctor Manuel Pacheco da Silva (the future Baron Pacheco) left his position as dean of Externato Dom Pedro II to become tutor to the Emperor's grandchildren, because they "(...) are lagging badly in speaking Portuguese, only know the German language. " At eight, the young prince was enrolled at the Imperial College of Pedro II, becoming a Bachelor of Science and Letters in 1881. On April 1, 1887, he graduated in Civil Engineering from Polytechnica School, having already delivered a lecture on Académie des Sciences. A scholar like his grandfather, Peter Augustus was a member of the Institut de France and author of several works on mineralogy, taken today as gems.

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