Prince Ernst Heinrich of Saxony, Duke of Saxony (German: Ernst Heinrich Ferdinand Franz Joseph Otto Maria Melchiades, Prinz von Sachsen, Herzog zu Sachsen) (9 December 1896 in Dresden, Kingdom of Saxony – 14 June 1971 in Neckarhausen, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany) was a member of the Saxon Royal Family. Ernst Heinrich was the youngest son of the last Saxon monarch Frederick Augustus III and his wife Archduchess Luise of Austria, Princess of Tuscany. From 1923 through 1945, Ernst Heinrich was Administrative Chief of the association „House of Wettin – Albertinische Linie e.V.“.

Prince Ernst Heinrich of Saxony spent his childhood in Dresden, Pillnitz, and Moritzburg under the parenting of his father. The loss of his mother, who left the family permanently in 1902, affected his father and siblings very deeply, according to their own statements. Ernst Heinrich, who was only six at the time, was possibly the child who felt this loss most.

When World War I broke out, Ernest Heinrich was First lieutenant in the 1st Royal Saxon Leib-Grenadier-Regiment Nr. 100. In September 1914, he became Batman in the General Kommando of XIX (2nd Royal Saxon) Corps at Reims and Lille. He did his Abitur during a four-month leave in 1916, then took part in the Battle of the Somme as a member of the staff of the 24th Reserve Division. On 30 August 1916, Ernst Heinrich received the Military Order of St. Henry for merit.

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