Prettymouth
| Calostoma | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Calostoma cinnabarinum | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Boletales |
| Suborder: | Sclerodermatineae |
| Genus: |
Calostoma Desv. (1809) |
| Type species | |
|
Calostoma cinnabarinum Corda (1809) |
|
| Synonyms | |
Calostoma is a genus of 29 species of gasteroid fungi in the suborder Sclerodermatineae. Like other gasteroid fungi, Calostoma do not have the spore discharge mechanism associated with typical gilled fungi (ballistospory), and instead have enclosed spore-bearing structures. Resembling round, orange to red gelatinous puffballs on thick stalks, species have been collected in regions of deciduous, temperate, tropical or subtropical forests. They have a worldwide distribution, including eastern North America, Asia, and Australasia. The common name given to some species, "prettymouth", alludes to the bright red fruit bodies with openings that may somewhat resemble lips.
The unusual fruit body structure has historically led mycologists to suggest various classification schemes based on presumed relationships to other puffball or "stomach mushrooms". Phylogenetic analyses performed in the 2000s show the genus to be evolutionarily related to the Bolete mushrooms. Calostoma species are ectomycorrhizal, forming symbiotic associations with trees from various families. The type species, Calostoma cinnabarinum, is ectomycorrhizal with oak.
The original genus description, based on the type species Calostoma cinnabarinum (synonymous with cinnabarina), was published by French botanist Nicaise Auguste Desvaux in 1809. Before the advent of modern genetic analysis, the Calostoma was considered to be part of the Gasteromycetes, a grouping of fungi with enclosed spore-bearing structures. Specifically, it was classified in the order of stalked puffballs, although some mycologists have suggested that the genus Calostoma should be merged with Tulostoma ( stalked puffballs), Scleroderma (hard puffballs), Geastrum (earthstars), or Pseudocolus (stinkhorns). Some authors have placed Calostoma in its own family, the Calostomataceae.
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Wikipedia