President of the North German Confederation

This is a list of monarchs who ruled over the German territories of central Europe from the division of the Frankish Empire in 843 (by which a separate Eastern Frankish Kingdom was created), until the collapse of the German Empire in 1918. It also includes heads of the various German confederations after the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation in 1806, and head of the first federation state, the North German Confederation, from 1867 to 1871.

Emperors are listed in bold. Rival kings, anti-kings, and junior co-regents are italicized.

The title "King of the Romans", used under the Holy Roman Empire, is considered equivalent to King of Germany. A king was chosen by the German electors and would then proceed to Rome to be crowned emperor by the pope.

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