Portal vein thrombosis

Portal vein thrombosis
Portal vein thrombosis seen with computed tomography.
Classification and external resources
Specialty	human digestive system
ICD-10	I81
ICD-9-CM	452
eMedicine	radio/571
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Portal vein thrombosis, previously known as Cauchois–Eppinger–Frugoni syndrome, is a form of venous thrombosis affecting the hepatic portal vein, which can lead to portal hypertension and reduction in the blood supply to the liver.

Portal vein thrombosis can cause fever, symptoms of indigestion, and gradually worsening abdominal pain. However, it can also develop without causing symptoms, leading to portal hypertension before it is diagnosed. Other symptoms can develop based on the cause. For example, if portal vein thrombosis develops due to liver cirrhosis, bleeding or other signs of liver disease may be present. If portal vein thrombosis develops due to pylephlebitis, signs of infection such as fever, chills, night sweats may be present.

Causes can include pancreatitis, cirrhosis, diverticulitis, and cholangiocarcinoma. It is also a known complication of splenectomy.

The diagnosis of portal vein thrombosis is usually made by ultrasound, computed tomography with contrast or magnetic resonance imaging. D-dimer levels in the blood may be elevated as a result of fibrin degradation.

Treatments include anticoagulants, shunts, bypass surgery, and transplants.

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