Pope Innocent III
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Pope Innocent III |
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| Papacy began | 8 January 1198 |
| Papacy ended | 16 July 1216 |
| Predecessor | Celestine III |
| Successor | Honorius III |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 21 February 1198 |
| Consecration | 22 February 1198 |
| Created Cardinal | September 1190 by Clement III |
| Personal details | |
| Birth name | Lotario de' Conti di Segni |
| Born | 1160 or 1161 Gavignano, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire |
| Died | 16 July 1216 (aged 55-56) Perugia, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire |
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Papal styles of Pope Innocent III |
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| Reference style | His Holiness |
| Spoken style | Your Holiness |
| Religious style | Holy Father |
| Posthumous style | None |
Pope Innocent III (Latin: Innocentius III; 1160 or 1161 – 16 July 1216) reigned from 8 January 1198 to his death. His birth name was Lotario dei Conti di Segni, sometimes anglicised to Lothar of Segni.
Pope Innocent was one of the most powerful and influential popes. He exerted a wide influence over the Christian states of Europe, claiming supremacy over all of Europe's kings. Pope Innocent was central in supporting the Catholic Church's reforms of ecclesiastical affairs through his decretals and the Fourth Lateran Council. This resulted in a considerable refinement of Western canon law. Pope Innocent is notable for using interdict and other censures to compel princes to obey his decisions, although these measures were not uniformly successful. Innocent called for Christian crusades against Muslim Spain and the Holy Land, as well as the Albigensian Crusade against the Cathars in southern France.
One of Pope Innocent's critical decisions was organizing the Fourth Crusade. Originally intended to attack Jerusalem through Egypt, a series of unforeseen circumstances led the crusaders to Constantinople, where they ultimately sacked the city in 1204. Although the attack went against his explicit orders, Innocent reluctantly accepted this result, seeing it as the will of God to reunite the Latin and Orthodox Churches, but it instead poisoned relations between the two churches.
Lotario de' Conti was born in Gavignano, near Anagni. His father was Count Trasimund of Segni and was a member of a famous house, Conti, which produced nine Popes, including Gregory IX, Alexander IV and Innocent XIII. Lotario was the nephew of Pope Clement III; his mother, Claricia Scotti (Romani de Scotti), was from the same noble Roman family.
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