Pointer swizzling

In computer science, pointer swizzling is the conversion of references based on name or position to direct pointer references. It is typically performed during the deserialization (loading) of a relocatable object from disk, such as an executable file or pointer-based data structure. The reverse operation, replacing pointers with position-independent symbols or positions, is sometimes referred to as unswizzling, and is performed during serialization (saving).

For example, suppose we have the following linked list data structure:

We can easily create a linked list data structure in memory using such an object, but when we attempt to save it to disk we run into trouble. Directly saving the pointer values won't work on most architectures, because the nodes will almost certainly be loaded into different memory positions. One way of dealing with this is to assign a unique id number to each node and then unswizzle the pointers by turning them into a field indicating the id number of the next node:

We can save these records to disk in any order, and no information will be lost. Other options include saving the file offset of the next node or a number indicating its position in the sequence of saved records.

When we go to load these nodes, however, we quickly discover that attempting to find a node based on its number is cumbersome and inefficient. We'd like our original data structure back so we can simply follow next pointers to traverse the list. To do this, we perform pointer swizzling, finding the address of each node and turning the id_number_of_next_node fields back into direct pointers to the right node.

There are a potentially unlimited number of forms into which a pointer can be unswizzled, but some of the most popular include:

For security, such methods must be implemented with a great deal of caution. In particular, an attacker's presentation of a specially crafted file may allow access to addresses outside of the expected and proper bounds. In systems with weak memory protection this can lead to exposure of confidential data or modification of code likely to be executed. If the system does not implement guards against execution of data the system may be severely compromised by the installation of various kinds of malware.

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