Pleosporales

Pleosporales Temporal range: Eocene–recent PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Alternaria sp.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Ascomycota
Subdivision:	Pezizomycotina
Class:	Dothideomycetes
Subclass:	Pleosporomycetidae
Order:	Pleosporales Luttr. ex M.E.Barr (1987)
Families
Aigialaceae Amniculicolaceae Cucurbitariaceae Delitschiaceae Diademaceae Didymellaceae Didymosphaeriaceae Halojulellaceae Lentitheciaceae Leptosphaeriaceae Lindgomycetaceae Lophiostomataceae Massariaceae Massarinaceae Melanommataceae Montagnulaceae Phaeosphaeriaceae ?Phaeotrichaceae Pleomassariaceae Pleosporaceae Sporormiaceae Venturiaceae Teichosporaceae Tetraplosphaeriaceae Testudinaceae Trematosphaeriaceae Zopfiaceae
Synonyms
Melanommatales Pseudosphaeriales

The Pleosporales is the largest order in the fungal class Dothideomycetes. By a 2008 estimate it contains 23 families, 332 genera and more than 4700 species. The majority of species are saprobes on decaying plant material in fresh water, marine, or terrestrial environments, but several species are also associated with living plants as parasites, epiphytes or endophytes. The best studied species cause plant diseases on important agricultural crops e.g. Cochliobolus heterostrophus, causing southern corn leaf blight on maize, Phaeosphaeria nodorum (Stagonospora nodorum) causing glume blotch on wheat and Leptosphaeria maculans causing a stem canker (called blackleg) on cabbage crops (Brassica). Some species of Pleosporales occur on animal dung and a small number occur as lichens and rock-inhabiting fungi.

The order was proposed in 1955 as Dothideomycetes with perithecioid ascomata with pseudoparaphyses amongst the asci, at which time there were seven families (Botryosphaeriaceae, Didymosphaeriaceae, Herpotrichiellaceae, Lophiostomataceae, Mesnieraceae, Pleosporaceae and Venturiaceae). Three further families were added in 1973 (Dimeriaceae, Mycoporaceae and Sporormiaceae). The order was only formally described in 1987 (Barr) with 21 families. Five families were added in 2009 (Aigialaceae, Amniculicolaceae, Lentitheciaceae, Tetraplosphaeriaceae and Trematosphaeriaceae). The family Halojulellaceae was circumscribed in 2013.

Barr originally accepted six suborders within which to arrange the families. A suborder, Pleosporineae has been proposed, including four families (Didymellaceae, Leptosphaeriaceae, Phaeosphaeriaceae and Pleosporaceae). Also Massarineae with five families (Lentitheciaceae, Massarinaceae, Montagnulaceae, Morosphaeriaceae and Trematosphaeriaceae).