Platelet-activating factor

Platelet-activating factor

Identifiers
CAS Number	74389-68-7 Y
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:44811 N
ChemSpider	97241 N
IUPHAR/BPS	1833 1831
MeSH	Platelet+Activating+Factor
PubChem CID	108156
InChI InChI=1S/C26H54NO7P/c1-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-21-31-23-26(34-25(2)28)24-33-35(29,30)32-22-20-27(3,4)5/h26H,6-24H2,1-5H3/t26-/m1/s1 N Key: HVAUUPRFYPCOCA-AREMUKBSSA-N N InChI=1/C26H54NO7P/c1-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-21-31-23-26(34-25(2)28)24-33-35(29,30)32-22-20-27(3,4)5/h26H,6-24H2,1-5H3/t26-/m1/s1 Key: HVAUUPRFYPCOCA-AREMUKBSBE
SMILES CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)C
Properties
Chemical formula	C26H54NO7P
Molar mass	523.683
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Platelet-activating factor, also known as PAF, PAF-acether or AGEPC (acetyl-glyceryl-ether-phosphorylcholine), is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, platelet aggregation and degranulation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis. It is also involved in changes to vascular permeability, the oxidative burst, chemotaxis of leukocytes, as well as augmentation of arachidonic acid metabolism in phagocytes.

PAF is produced by a variety of cells, but especially those involved in host defense, such as platelets, endothelial cells, neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages. PAF is continuously produced by these cells but in low quantities and production is controlled by the activity of PAF acetylhydrolases. It is produced in larger quantities by inflammatory cells in response to specific stimuli.

It was discovered by French immunologist Jacques Benveniste in the early 1970s. PAF was the first phospholipid known to have messenger functions. Jacques Benveniste made significant contributions in the role and characteristics of PAF and its importance in inflammatory response and mediation. Using lab rats and mice, Jacques Benveniste found that ionophore A23187 (a mobile ion carrier that allows the passage of Mn²⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ and has antibiotic properties against bacteria and fungi) caused the release of PAF. These developments led to the finding that macrophages produce PAF and that macrophages play an important function in aggregation of platelets and liberation of their inflammatory and vasoactive substances.

Further studies on PAF were conducted by Constantinos A. Demopoulos in 1979. Demopoulos found that PAF plays a crucial role in heart disease and strokes. His experiment’s data found that atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) can be attributed to PAF and PAF-like lipids and a diet with lipids that have antagonistic PAF properties can inhibit the development of heart disease. During the course of his studies, he also determined the chemical structure of the compound.