Plankalkül
| Paradigm | Procedural |
|---|---|
| Designed by | Konrad Zuse |
| First appeared | 1948 – concept first published |
| Major implementations | |
| Plankalkül-Compiler by the FU Berlin in 2000 | |
| Influenced by | |
| Begriffsschrift | |
| Influenced | |
|
Superplan by Heinz Rutishauser, ALGOL 58 |
|
Plankalkül (German pronunciation: [ˈplaːnkalkyːl], "Plan Calculus") is a programming language designed for engineering purposes by Konrad Zuse between 1942 and 1945. It was the first high-level (non-von Neumann) programming language to be designed for a computer.
"Kalkül" means formal system – the Hilbert-style deduction system is for example originally called "Hilbert-Kalkül", so Plankalkül means "formal system for planning".
Notes survive with scribblings about such a plan calculation dating back to 1941. In 1944 Zuse met with the German logician and philosopher Heinrich Scholz and they discussed Zuse's Plankalkül. In March 1945 Scholz personally expressed his deep appreciation for Zuse's utilization of the logical calculus. Plankalkül was not published at that time owing to a combination of factors such as conditions in World War II and postwar Germany and his efforts to commercialise the Z3 computer and its successors. By 1946, Zuse had written a book on the subject but this remained unpublished.
Only in 1948 Zuse published a paper about the Plankalkül in the "Archiv der Mathematik" but still did not attract much feedback – for a long time to come programming a computer would only be thought of as programming with machine code. In the same year Zuse introduced his programming language at the Annual Meeting of the GAMM.
The Plankalkül was eventually more comprehensively published in 1972 and the first compiler for it was implemented in 1975 in a dissertation by Joachim Hohmann. Other independent implementations followed in 1998 and then in 2000 by the Free University of Berlin.
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