Piet Cronje

General Piet Cronjé
P.A. Cronjé as prisoner-of-war on St. Helena, 1900-1902
Born	(1836-10-04)4 October 1836 Colesberg, British Cape Colony
Died	4 February 1911(1911-02-04) (aged 74) Potchefstroom, Transvaal Province, Union of South Africa
Occupation	Farmer, soldier, politician

Pieter Arnoldus Cronjé, commonly known as Piet Cronjé (/krɒnˈjɛər/ kron-YAIR; 4 October 1836 – 4 February 1911) was a general of the South African Republic's military forces during the Anglo-Boer wars of 1880-1881 and 1899-1902.

Born in the Cape Colony but raised in the South African Republic, Cronjé made his reputation in the First Boer War, besieging the British garrison at Potchefstroom. He had a distinctive appearance, being short with a black beard and was reputed to have considerable personal courage.

He was in command of the force that rounded up Jameson at Doornkop at the conclusion of the Jameson Raid on 2 January 1896. During the Second Boer War Cronjé was general commanding in the western theatre of war. He began the sieges of Kimberley and Mafeking. At Mafeking, with a force between 2,000 and 6,000 he laid siege against 1,200 regular troops and militia under the command of Colonel Robert Baden-Powell.

After Lord Methuen attempted to relieve the siege of Kimberley, Cronjé fought the Battle of Modder River on 28 November 1899, where the British won a Pyrrhic victory over the Boers. Cronjé's novel tactics at the Modder River, where his infantry were positioned at the base of the hills instead of at the tops (in order to increase the effectiveness of their rifles' flat trajectories) earned him a place in military history. However the tactics ascribed to him were not his own; he was convinced by General Koos De La Rey and President M.T. Steyn. After Modder River, Cronjé repulsed Methuen's forces at the Battle of Magersfontein on 11 December 1899. This was actually due to Koos de la Rey's tactics and planning. Cronjé sat in camp not doing much fighting or planning.