Pierre Curie
| Pierre Curie | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Born |
15 May 1859 Paris, France |
| Died | 19 April 1906 (aged 46) Paris, France |
| Nationality | French |
| Fields | Physics |
| Alma mater | University of Paris |
| Doctoral advisor | Gabriel Lippmann |
| Doctoral students |
Paul Langevin André-Louis Debierne Marguerite Catherine Perey |
| Known for |
Radioactivity Curie's law |
| Notable awards | Davy Medal (1903) Nobel Prize in Physics(1903) Matteucci Medal (1904) Elliott Cresson Medal (1909) |
| Spouse | Marie Skłodowska-Curie (m. 1895) |
| Children |
Irène Joliot-Curie Ève Curie |
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Pierre Curie (/ˈkjʊri, kjʊˈriː/;French: [kyʁi]; 15 May 1859 – 19 April 1906) was a French physicist, a pioneer in crystallography, magnetism, piezoelectricity and radioactivity. In 1903 he received the Nobel Prize in Physics with his wife, Marie Skłodowska-Curie, and Henri Becquerel, "in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel".
Born in Paris on 15 May 1859, Pierre was the son of Eugène Curie (28 August 1827 – 25 February 1910) and Sophie-Claire Depouilly Curie (15 January 1832 – 27 September 1897). He was educated by his father, a doctor, and in his early teens showed a strong aptitude for mathematics and geometry. When he was 16, he earned his math degree. By the age of 18 he had completed the equivalent of a higher degree, but did not proceed immediately to a doctorate due to lack of money. Instead he worked as a laboratory instructor.
In 1880, Pierre and his older brother Jacques (1856–1941) demonstrated that an electric potential was generated when crystals were compressed, i.e. piezoelectricity. To provide accurate measurements needed for their work, Pierre created a highly sensitive instrument called the Curie Scale. He used weights, microscopic meter readers, and pneumatic dampeners to create the scale. Also, to aid their work, they invented the Piezoelectric Quartz Electrometer. Shortly afterwards, in 1881, they demonstrated the reverse effect: that crystals could be made to deform when subject to an electric field. Almost all digital electronic circuits now rely on this in the form of crystal oscillators.
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